Phenytoin | C15H12N2O2 – PubChem.
How do you make phenytoin?
For administration by intravenous infusion phenytoin injection should be diluted in 50 – 100 ml of normal saline, and the final concentration of phenytoin in the solution should not exceed 10 mg/ml, the infusion mixture should not be refrigerated.
What form does phenytoin come in?
Phenytoin comes as an extended-release (long-acting) capsule, a chewable tablet, and a suspension (liquid) to take by mouth. The chewable tablet and suspension are usually taken two or three times a day. The extended-release capsules are usually taken one to four times a day.
What are the ingredients in Dilantin?
Active ingredient: 100 mg phenytoin sodium Inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, confectioner’s sugar, talc, and magnesium stearate. The capsule body contains titanium dioxide and gelatin.How is phenytoin metabolized?
Phenytoin is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes primarily to 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl-),5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), which may be further metabolized to a catechol that spontaneously oxidizes to semiquinone and quinone species that covalently modify proteins.
Is phenytoin a hydantoin?
Phenytoin is a hydantoin derivative, a first-generation anti-convulsant drug that is effective in the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures, and status epilepticus without significantly impairing neurological function.
Is phenytoin sodium same as phenytoin?
Phenytoin (FEN-ih-toe-in) is the generic name (non–brand name) of a widely used seizure medicine. Common brand names for this type of medicine include Dilantin, Phenytek, and Epanutin (in the UK), but it is also sold using the name phenytoin or phenytoin sodium.
Why is phenytoin given through a filter?
As soon as possible, intravenous administration of phenytoin should be converted to oral administration. Due to the risk of precipitate formation, the use an in-line 0.22 micron filter when infusing intravenous phenytoin is highly recommended.How is Benzil prepared from phenytoin?
Principle: Base catalyzed reaction between benzyl and urea is used for synthesis of phenytoin. The reaction is proceeding via intramolecular cyclization to form an intermediate heterocylic pinacol, which on acidification yield hydantoin (phenytoin) as a result of 1,2-diphenyl shift in pinacol rearrangement reaction.
What happens when DILANTIN is stopped?Stopping DILANTIN suddenly can cause serious problems. Stopping a seizure medicine suddenly can cause you to have seizures more often or seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus). Like other antiepileptic drugs, DILANTIN may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500.
Article first time published onDoes DILANTIN affect your kidneys?
DILANTIN can cause a type of serious allergic reaction that may affect different parts of the body such as your liver, kidneys, blood, heart, skin or other parts of your body. These can be very serious and cause death.
What are the side effects of phenytoin?
- headaches.
- feeling drowsy, sleepy or dizzy.
- feeling nervous, unsteady or shaky.
- feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting)
- constipation.
- sore or swollen gums.
- mild skin rash.
Is phenytoin the same as Dilantin?
Phenytoin is the generic name of a widely used antiepileptic drug (AED). In the United States, phenytoin is known by the brand names Dilantin and Phenytek (an extended-release form).
Is phenytoin the same as phenobarbital?
Phenobarbital can be used for generalized and focal seizures, but it can make you feel sleepy. Treats and prevents seizures. Dilantin (phenytoin) is very good at treating and preventing seizures, but it has many drug interactions and some serious side effects. Phenobarbital is available as a generic.
Is phenytoin a controlled substance?
Dilantin phenobarbital 32 mg / phenytoin sodium 100 mg is not a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).
Where is phenytoin absorbed?
Phenytoin is slowly but nearly completely absorbed in the small intestine; oral bioavailability ranges from 70 to 100%. The drug is widely distributed in the body and is almost completely protein-bound, primarily to albumin.
What happens if you take too much phenytoin?
An overdose of phenytoin can be fatal. Overdose symptoms may include twitching eye movements, slurred speech, loss of balance, tremor, muscle stiffness or weakness, nausea, vomiting, feeling light-headed, fainting, and slow or shallow breathing. Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking phenytoin.
Does phenytoin induce cytochrome P450?
Phenytoin was selected as an inducer because, like phenobarbital, it is an AED commonly used to treat neonatal seizures and a potent inducer of drug-metabolizing P450s (Wang et al., 2004; Jackson et al., 2006; Zeller and Giebe, 2015).
Can you take vitamin D with Dilantin?
Dear Seizure patient, The biggest thing to know, related to vitamin supplementation while taking this medications involves your vitamin D levels. Long term use of phenytoin (Dilantin) can deplete your vitamin D levels leading to the potential for other problems.
How does alcohol affect phenytoin?
What should I avoid while taking phenytoin? Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking phenytoin. Alcohol use can increase your blood levels of phenytoin and may increase side effects. Daily alcohol use can decrease your blood levels of phenytoin, which can increase your risk of seizures.
Which drug contains hydantoin nucleus?
In pharmaceuticals, hydantoin derivatives form a class of anticonvulsants; phenytoin and fosphenytoin both contain hydantoin moieties and are both used as anticonvulsants in the treatment of seizure disorders.
Is the drug gabapentin?
Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.
Is phenytoin a weak acid?
Phenytoin (PHT; 5,5-diphenylhydantoin) is a weak acid with pKa of 8.3 (1). The compound is a crystalline substance with a molecular weight of 252.3 and a melting point of 295-298 C.
What is phenytoin soluble?
Phenytoin is a white, odorless powder at room temperature (Ak- ron 2009). It is practically insoluble in water, but it is soluble in ace- tone, ethanol, and alkali hydroxides (IARC 1996).
Is benzoin a ketone?
Benzoin is a ketone that consists of acetophenone bearing hydroxy and phenyl substituents at the alpha-position. … It is a member of benzoins and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. ChEBI. Benzoin is a white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide, and is used in organic syntheses …
What is Benzil used for?
Benzil 5 Tablet belongs to a group of medicines known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It relaxes and widens the blood vessels, making it easier for the blood to pass through the vessels.
Is Benzil a ketone?
Benzil is an alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively. It is an alpha-diketone and an aromatic ketone.
What is purple glove syndrome?
Purple glove syndrome (PGS) is a rare complication of intravenous phenytoin use that typically presents with pain, edema, and discoloration at the injection site that spreads to the distal limb.
What drugs interact with phenytoin?
Interacting AgentExamplesOtherAcute alcohol intake, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, chlordiazepoxide, disulfiram, estrogen, fluvastatin, isoniazid, methylphenidate, phenothiazines, salicylates, ticlopidine, tolbutamide, trazodone, warfarin
What type of seizure is status epilepticus?
A seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes, or having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minutes period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes is called status epilepticus. This is a medical emergency that may lead to permanent brain damage or death.
Can you take vitamin C with Dilantin?
No interactions were found between phenytoin and Vitamin C. This does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.
