The glossopharyngeal nerve, which is also called the ninth cranial nerve, has both sensory (sensation) functions and motor (movement) functions in the body, as well as specialized sensory function and parasympathetic function.
What does Glossopharyngeal mean?
adjective. of or relating to the tongue and pharynx.
How do you test for Glossopharyngeal neuralgia?
For the test, a doctor touches the back of the throat with a cotton-tipped applicator. If pain results, the doctor applies a local anesthetic to the back of the throat. If the anesthetic eliminates the pain, glossopharyngeal neuralgia is likely. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is done to check for tumors.
What causes Glossopharyngeal?
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is generally caused by a small blood vessel that presses on the nerves as they exit the brainstem. This condition is caused by irritation of the ninth cranial nerve by a blood vessel, and is most commonly seen in people over age 40.What Innervates Glossopharyngeal?
Containing both sensory and motor components, the glossopharyngeal nerve provides somatic motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus muscle, visceral motor innervation to the parotid gland, and carries afferent sensory fibers from the posterior third of the tongue, pharynx, and tympanic cavity.
What is nerve accessory?
The accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is considered as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves, or simply cranial nerve XI, as part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain.
What is 8th cranial nerve?
The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as cranial nerve eight (CN VIII), consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves. … The vestibular nerve is primarily responsible for maintaining body balance and eye movements, while the cochlear nerve is responsible for hearing.
What is the meaning of accessory nerve?
Definition of accessory nerve : either of a pair of motor nerves that are the 11th cranial nerves of higher vertebrates, arise from the medulla oblongata and the upper part of the spinal cord, and supply chiefly the pharynx and muscles of the upper chest, back, and shoulders.What is Vestibulocochlear?
The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.
Is GPN life threatening?Most common cause is vascular compression of glossopharyngeal nerve. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is life-threatening condition because it is associated with cardiac arrest, hypotension, syncope and weight loss. Treatment with carbamazepine is affected in patients with cardiovascular manifestations.
Article first time published onIs GPN harmful?
Complications of GPN may include: Slow pulse and fainting may occur when pain is severe. Damage to the carotid artery or internal jugular artery due to injuries, such as a stab wound. Difficulty in swallowing food and speaking.
What type of doctor treats glossopharyngeal neuralgia?
If the pain requires further evaluation, a neurologist or a neurosurgeon may be recommended. The diagnosis of neuralgia is made after carefully assessing the patient’s symptoms. If glossopharyngeal neuralgia is suspected, the doctor will attempt to trigger an episode by touching the back of the throat with a swab.
Can acid reflux cause glossopharyngeal neuralgia?
Irritation of the respiratory epithelium by gastric acid stimulates the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, producing ear pain. Throat cancer could be responsible for secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia, but could also induce referred ear pain by irritation of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve.
Can glossopharyngeal neuralgia go away?
The swallowing therefore triggers a very painful sensation in the throat. Over the years, the condition will typically fluctuate with symptoms going away for several months (remission) and then returning again (relapse).
What happens if the Glossopharyngeal nerve is damaged?
Glossopharyngeal nerve lesions produce difficulty swallowing; impairment of taste over the posterior one-third of the tongue and palate; impaired sensation over the posterior one-third of the tongue, palate, and pharynx; an absent gag reflex; and dysfunction of the parotid gland.
Is glossopharyngeal nerve ipsilateral?
Glossopharyngeal (CN9): ipsilateral loss of pharyngeal sensation.
What are the 12 cranial nerve?
In higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds, mammals) there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves: olfactory (CN I), optic (CN II), oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV), trigeminal (CN V), abducent (or abducens; CN VI), facial (CN VII), vestibulocochlear (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X), accessory (CN XI), and …
What are cranial nerves 9 and 10?
CRANIAL NERVE 9 (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL) AND CRANIAL NERVE 10 (VAGUS) CNs 9 and 10 work together to supply the musculature of the pharynx (mostly supplied by CN 10) and transmit visceral afferent information from vascular baroreceptors, and each nerve also has additional individual functions listed below.
What is the auditory meatus?
external auditory canal, also called external auditory meatus, or external acoustic meatus, passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum membrane, of each ear. … The canal is nearly 1 inch (2.5 cm) in length and is lined with skin that extends to cover the tympanic membrane.
What is the Roman numeral for the Glossopharyngeal nerve?
Cranial nerves are designated by Roman numerals, as follows: I, olfactory nerve; II, optic nerve; III, oculomotor nerve; IV, trochlear nerve; V, trigeminal nerve; VI, abducens nerve; VII, facial nerve; VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve; IX, glossopharyngeal nerve; X, vagus nerve; XI, accessory nerve; and XII, hypoglossal …
What is fifth cranial nerve?
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve (CN V). Its primary function is to provide sensory and motor innervation to the face. … The ophthalmic nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the face and skull above the palpebral fissure as well as the eye and portions of the nasal cavity.
What is the function of vagus?
The vagus nerve is responsible for the regulation of internal organ functions, such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate, as well as vasomotor activity, and certain reflex actions, such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting (17).
What is an axillary nerve?
The axillary nerve arises from the fifth and the sixth cervical nerves that is C5–6. The axillary nerve is a branch of the posterior cord. It is found anterior to the subscapularis, posterior to the brachial artery, and lateral to the radial nerve.
What is the hypoglossal canal?
The hypoglossal canal is located between the occipital condyle and jugular tubercle and runs obliquely forwards (posteromedial to anterolateral) allowing the hypoglossal nerve to exit the posterior cranial fossa.
How long does viral vertigo last?
It usually comes on suddenly and can cause other symptoms, such as unsteadiness, nausea (feeling sick) and vomiting (being sick). You won’t normally have any hearing problems. It usually lasts a few hours or days, but it may take three to six weeks to settle completely.
Where is the cochlear?
While the cochlea is technically a bone it plays a vital role in the function of hearing rather than simply being another component of the skeletal system. It is located within the inner ear and is often described as hollow and snail- or spiral-shaped.
What does the Abducens nerve do?
The abducens nerve functions to innervate the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle and partially innervate the contralateral medial rectus muscle (at the level of the nucleus – via the medial longitudinal fasciculus).
What is the hypoglossal nerve?
The hypoglossal nerve enables tongue movement. It controls the hyoglossus, intrinsic, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles. These muscles help you speak, swallow and move substances around in your mouth.
What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?
The muscles innervated directly by the XI nerve are the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid, in addition to the laryngeal musculature (in collaboration with the vagus nerve), such as the palatal, pharyngeal, laryngeal muscles.
How do you check sternocleidomastoid?
Test the right sternocleidomastoid muscle by facing the patient and placing your right palm laterally on the patient’s left cheek. Ask the patient to turn the head to the left, resisting the pressure you are exerting in the opposite direction.
What causes GPN?
GPN can be caused when the glossopharyngeal nerve is compressed by an artery or a vein, tumors, or other lesions. Once diagnosed, there are both medicines and surgical procedures to reduce or relieve the debilitating pain caused by this disease. Patients with GPN are given high priority in scheduling their evaluation.
